In folk medicine, Sage is also taken for bloating, diarrhea, and intestinal inflammation. As a rinse and gargle, sage is used for bleeding gums. Applied externally, sage treats mild injuries and skin inflammation. In Asia, it's considered a remedy for hemorrhoids, blood in the urine, bloody phlegm, and fluid in the abdomen; and homeopathic practitioners prescribe sage for excessive flow of breast milk. However, its effectiveness for all of these problems remains unverified.
Researchers have also been investigating the value of Sage as a treatment for Type II, non-insulin dependent diabetes. While one study has shown positive results, further confirmation is needed.
Valued in the U.S primarily as a seasoning, Sage has a long history of medicinal use abroad. Sage has been taken for conditions ranging from sexually transmitted disease to insect bites, and is still used in Europe as a gargle for sore throats. Red Sage exhibits antibacterial qualities, inhibits viral and fungal growth, reduces perspiration and other secretions, and acts as an astringent, tightening and drying the tissues.
The medicinal value of red sage resides in its crushed, dried leaves and the oil extracted from its flowers, leaves, and stems. Native to the Mediterranean region, Sage is now grown in all of Europe and North America.
In modern European herbal medicine, a gargle of sage tea is commonly recommended to treat sore throat, inflammations in the mouth, and gingivitis (inflammation of the gums). Test tube studies have found that sage oil has antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity which may partially explain the effectiveness of sage for these indications.
Sage is also approved in Germany for mild gastrointestinal upset and excessive sweating. An unpublished, preliminary German study with people suffering from excessive perspiration found that either a dry leaf extract or an infusion of the leaf reduced sweating by as much as half. A report from the United Kingdom indicates that herbalists there employ sage to treat symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes.
Concern has been expressed about the internal use of sage due to the presence of thujone. Even when consumed in small amounts for long periods of time, thujone may cause increased heart rate and mental confusion. Very high amounts (several times greater than one receives if taking sage as instructed on our supplement labels), may lead to convulsions. If one takes sage internally, it is best to limit use to periods of no more than one to two months. Sage should not be used internally during pregnancy. These concerns do not extend to the use of sage as a gargle or mouth rinse. Sage should be avoided when fever is present.
At the time of writing, there were no well-known drug interactions with sage.

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